Microsoft

Microsoft

Enterprise software, cloud (Azure), and AI powerhouse.

4 Rounds ~21 Days Hard
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The Interview Loop

Recruiter Screen (30 min)

Standard fit check, behavioral questions, and resume overview.

Technical Loop (3-4 Rounds)

Deep dive into domain knowledge, coding, and system design.

Interview Question Bank

Cloud Engineer • Coding • medium

Given an array of intervals where intervals[i] = [starti, endi], merge all overlapping intervals, and return an array of the non-overlapping intervals that cover all the intervals in the input.

#Arrays #Sorting #Time Complexity
Practice
Cloud Engineer • Coding • medium

Design and implement a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support get and put operations in O(1) time complexity.

#Hash Map #Doubly Linked List #Caching
Practice
Data Engineer • Coding • medium

Given a massive text file containing Azure server logs, write a Python script to find the top 10 most frequent IP addresses. The file is larger than the available RAM.

#File I/O #Hash Maps #Heaps #Memory Management
Practice
Data Engineer • Coding • medium

Given an array of user session time intervals (start_time, end_time) on a Microsoft service, write a Python function to merge all overlapping sessions and return the consolidated active time blocks.

#Arrays #Sorting #Intervals
Practice
Data Scientist • Coding • medium

Write a Python function to calculate the 7-day moving average of Daily Active Users (DAU) given a list of dictionaries containing 'date' and 'user_count'. Handle missing dates by assuming 0 users.

#Data Manipulation #Time Series #Sliding Window
Practice
Data Scientist • Coding • medium

Given an array of user session time intervals on an Xbox console, where intervals are represented as [start_time, end_time], write a function to merge all overlapping sessions.

#Arrays #Sorting #Intervals
Practice
Data Scientist • Coding • medium

Given a stream of telemetry events representing feature usage in Excel, write a Python function to find the top K most frequently used features in real-time.

#Heaps #Hash Maps #Streaming Data
Practice
Machine Learning Engineer • Coding • hard

You have K sorted lists of log timestamps from different distributed ML worker nodes. Write a function to merge them into a single sorted list.

#Divide and Conquer #Heaps #Linked Lists
Practice
Machine Learning Engineer • Coding • medium

Implement a sparse matrix multiplication algorithm. Optimize it for memory usage, assuming these matrices represent large-scale user-item interactions for a recommendation model.

#Arrays #Hash Maps #Math
Practice
Machine Learning Engineer • Coding • medium

Given a stream of Bing search queries, write an algorithm to find the top K most frequent queries in the last hour.

#Heaps #Streaming Data #Hash Maps
Practice
Machine Learning Engineer • Coding • medium

Implement a Trie (Prefix Tree) to support autocomplete functionality for a search bar. Include methods to insert a word and return all words that start with a given prefix.

#Trees #Tries #Strings #DFS
Practice
ML Engineer • Coding • medium

Implement a sliding window approach to detect anomalies in a time series.

#Anomaly Detection #Time Series
Practice
ML Engineer • Coding • hard

Implement logistic regression with gradient descent in NumPy.

#Logistic Regression #NumPy
Practice
ML Engineer • Coding • hard

Implement a K-means clustering algorithm from scratch in Python.

#K-Means #Clustering
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • medium

Given a string s, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.

#Sliding Window #Hash Table #Strings
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • medium

Given an array of intervals where intervals[i] = [start_i, end_i], merge all overlapping intervals, and return an array of the non-overlapping intervals that cover all the intervals in the input.

#Arrays #Sorting
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • medium

Given the root of a binary tree, return the zigzag level order traversal of its nodes' values. (i.e., from left to right, then right to left for the next level and alternate between).

#Trees #Breadth-First Search #Queues
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • hard

Given an m x n board of characters and a list of strings words, return all words on the board. Each word must be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent cells (horizontal/vertical).

#Trie #Depth-First Search #Backtracking
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • easy

Given the head of a singly linked list, reverse the list, and return the reversed list.

#Linked Lists #Pointers
Practice
Software Engineer • Coding • hard

Serialize and deserialize a binary tree. Design an algorithm to encode a tree to a single string and decode it back to the original tree structure.

#Trees #Depth-First Search #Breadth-First Search #Design
Practice

Difficulty Radar

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Meet Your Interviewers

The "Standard" Interviewer

Senior Engineer

Focuses on core competencies, system constraints, and clear communication.

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Unwritten Rules

Think Out Loud

Always explain your thought process before writing code or drawing architecture.

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