Wipro
Global information technology, consulting and business process services company.
4 Rounds
~21 Days
Medium
The Interview Loop
Recruiter Screen (30 min)
Standard fit check, behavioral questions, and resume overview.
Technical Loop (3-4 Rounds)
Deep dive into domain knowledge, coding, and system design.
Interview Question Bank
Backend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you ensure code quality and standard compliance when working with a globally distributed team?
#Code Quality
#Teamwork
#Agile
Backend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Tell me about a time you had to learn a completely new technology or framework to fulfill a client requirement.
#Adaptability
#Continuous Learning
Backend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you disagreed with a senior architect's technical decision. How did you handle it?
#Conflict Resolution
#Communication
#Professionalism
Backend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to deliver a critical project under a very tight deadline for a client. How did you prioritize your tasks?
#Time Management
#Client Delivery
#Prioritization
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given a string s containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.
#Strings
#Stack
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
#Strings
#Sliding Window
#Hash Set
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Given a list of employees, write a Java 8 Stream API snippet to find the second highest salary.
#Java 8
#Streams
#Lambdas
#Collections
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to find the Nth highest salary from an Employee table without using the LIMIT keyword.
#SQL
#Subqueries
#Database
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given an array of integers nums and an integer target, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to target.
#Arrays
#Hash Table
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Given an array of strings, group the anagrams together.
#Arrays
#Strings
#Hash Table
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given the head of a linked list, determine if it has a cycle in it.
#Linked List
#Two Pointers
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a Java program to reverse a string without using any built-in reverse functions.
#Strings
#Loops
Backend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given two sorted integer arrays, merge them into a single sorted array without using extra space (if modifying in place) or in O(N+M) time.
#Arrays
#Two Pointers
Backend Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design an e-commerce checkout system handling high concurrent traffic during a flash sale.
#High Availability
#Concurrency
#Message Queues
#Caching
Backend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design a scalable notification system (Email, SMS, Push) for a large banking client?
#Message Queues
#Third-party APIs
#Scalability
Backend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a URL Shortener service (like bit.ly). Focus on the database schema and the URL generation algorithm.
#Scalability
#Hashing
#Database Design
Backend Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a centralized logging and monitoring system for a distributed microservices architecture.
#Observability
#Logging
#ELK
#Prometheus
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
In a microservices architecture, how do you handle communication between services? When would you choose synchronous over asynchronous?
#Architecture
#REST
#Messaging
#Kafka
#RabbitMQ
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the ACID properties. How does a relational database ensure Durability?
#SQL
#Transactions
#Architecture
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What are the new features introduced in Java 11 and Java 17 that you have utilized in your projects?
#Java 11
#Java 17
#Modern Java
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the internal working of HashSet in Java.
#Collections
#Data Structures
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the difference between @Component, @Service, and @Repository annotations in Spring?
#Spring Core
#Annotations
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle rate limiting in a Spring Boot application?
#API Gateway
#Resilience4j
#Security
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
When would you choose a NoSQL database like MongoDB over a relational database like PostgreSQL?
#NoSQL
#SQL
#System Design
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you implement thread safety in a Singleton class in Java?
#Design Patterns
#Multithreading
#Singleton
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes in a relational database?
#Database
#Indexing
#Performance
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is an API Gateway? Why is it necessary in a microservices architecture?
#API Gateway
#Routing
#Security
#Architecture
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How does Garbage Collection work in Java? Specifically, explain how the G1 Garbage Collector operates.
#JVM
#Garbage Collection
#Performance Tuning
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the Bean lifecycle in the Spring framework.
#Spring Core
#IoC
#Lifecycle
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you secure a REST API? Explain the difference between OAuth2 and JWT.
#Authentication
#Authorization
#JWT
#OAuth2
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
What is the N+1 select problem in Hibernate/JPA, and how do you resolve it?
#Hibernate
#JPA
#Database Performance
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
Explain the Saga Design Pattern. How would you implement distributed transactions across multiple microservices?
#Microservices
#Distributed Systems
#Transactions
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the internal working of ConcurrentHashMap in Java. How does it differ from a synchronized HashMap?
#Multithreading
#Data Structures
#Concurrency
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How exactly does Spring Boot Auto-configuration work under the hood?
#Spring Boot
#Annotations
#Framework Internals
Backend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle exceptions globally in a Spring Boot REST API to ensure consistent error responses for the client?
#REST API
#Exception Handling
#Spring MVC
Cloud Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
How would you explain the concept of 'Infrastructure as Code' to a non-technical client stakeholder who controls the budget?
#Communication
#Client Facing
#IaC
Cloud Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time a client wanted to rush a cloud migration without proper testing. How did you handle the situation?
#Communication
#Stakeholder Management
#Agile
Cloud Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you caused a production outage or broke a build. What happened, and how did you resolve it?
#Accountability
#Incident Management
#Learning
Cloud Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
At Wipro, you often work with global offshore and onshore teams. Tell me about a time you had a conflict or communication breakdown with a remote team member and how you solved it.
#Teamwork
#Communication
#Global Teams
Cloud Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a Bash script to parse an Nginx access log file and output the top 5 IP addresses that received HTTP 5xx errors.
#Bash
#Linux
#Log Parsing
#Awk/Grep
Cloud Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python script using Boto3 to find all unattached EBS volumes in an AWS account and delete them to save costs.
#Python
#Boto3
#AWS
#Automation
Cloud Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python script to copy all objects from one S3 bucket to another bucket in a different region.
#Python
#Boto3
#AWS
#S3
Cloud Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', write a function to determine if the input string is valid.
#Data Structures
#Stack
#Python
Cloud Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Architect a serverless data processing pipeline that triggers when a file is uploaded to S3, processes the data, and stores the results in a database.
#AWS
#Serverless
#Lambda
#Event-driven Architecture
Cloud Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
A healthcare client is migrating to Azure. Design a Disaster Recovery (DR) strategy with an RPO of 15 minutes and an RTO of 2 hours.
#Azure
#Disaster Recovery
#Architecture
#Compliance
Cloud Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a secure multi-tenant cloud architecture for a SaaS product hosted on GCP, ensuring strict data isolation between tenants.
#GCP
#Multi-tenancy
#Security
#Architecture
Cloud Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a highly available, fault-tolerant 3-tier web application architecture on AWS for a major e-commerce client.
#AWS
#Architecture
#High Availability
#Scalability
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
You have two EC2 instances in different subnets within the same VPC. Instance A cannot ping Instance B. Walk me through your troubleshooting steps.
#AWS
#Troubleshooting
#Networking
#Security Groups
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the difference between AWS CloudWatch and AWS CloudTrail? Give an example of when you would check each.
#AWS
#Monitoring
#Auditing
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
A client's DynamoDB table is experiencing throttling despite having sufficient provisioned throughput. What is likely causing this and how do you fix it?
#AWS
#DynamoDB
#Performance Tuning
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments and Read Replicas? When would you use each?
#AWS
#RDS
#High Availability
#Performance
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between Spot Instances and Reserved Instances. Give a use case for each.
#AWS
#EC2
#Pricing Models
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A Wipro client is complaining about high AWS bills. What steps would you take to perform a cost optimization audit?
#AWS
#Cost Optimization
#FinOps
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How would you implement a Zero Trust security model for a client's cloud infrastructure?
#Zero Trust
#Security
#IAM
#Networking
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between a Web Application Firewall (WAF) and a Network Firewall? Where would you place them in a cloud architecture?
#Security
#WAF
#Networking
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A Wipro enterprise client has 50 VPCs across different AWS regions. How would you connect them efficiently? Compare VPC Peering with AWS Transit Gateway.
#AWS
#VPC
#Transit Gateway
#Networking
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How would you set up monitoring and alerting for a Kubernetes cluster using Prometheus and Grafana?
#Kubernetes
#Prometheus
#Grafana
#Monitoring
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you securely manage API keys and database passwords in a CI/CD pipeline so they are not exposed in the source code?
#CI/CD
#Secrets Management
#DevSecOps
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A banking client requires zero-downtime deployments. Compare Blue/Green deployments with Canary deployments. Which would you recommend and why?
#Deployment Strategies
#CI/CD
#High Availability
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Describe how you would set up a Jenkins declarative pipeline to build a Docker image, push it to ECR, and deploy it to EKS.
#Jenkins
#Pipeline
#AWS
#Kubernetes
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A client's Docker image is 2GB, causing slow deployment times. How would you optimize the Dockerfile to reduce the image size?
#Docker
#Optimization
#CI/CD
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How does an Ingress Controller work in Kubernetes, and how does it differ from a LoadBalancer service?
#Kubernetes
#Ingress
#Networking
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the differences between ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer services in Kubernetes. When would you use each?
#Kubernetes
#Networking
#Microservices
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
You deploy a microservice to a Kubernetes cluster, but the pod goes into a 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. Walk me through your troubleshooting steps.
#Kubernetes
#Troubleshooting
#Docker
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you structure Terraform modules for reusability across different Wipro client projects?
#Terraform
#Modules
#Best Practices
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
A client manually changed a security group rule in the AWS console, causing configuration drift from our Terraform code. How do you detect and resolve this drift?
#Terraform
#Drift Detection
#State Reconciliation
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
In a team of 10 Cloud Engineers at Wipro, how do you manage the Terraform state file to prevent concurrent modifications and state corruption?
#Terraform
#State Management
#Collaboration
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between an IAM Role and an IAM Policy. Give a real-world scenario where you would use a Role instead of an IAM User.
#AWS
#IAM
#Security
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Wipro works with multi-cloud environments. Why would you choose Terraform over native tools like AWS CloudFormation or Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates?
#Terraform
#CloudFormation
#ARM
#Multi-cloud
Cloud Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
We are migrating a client's on-premise data to AWS S3. How would you design a lifecycle policy to optimize costs for data that is accessed frequently for 30 days, rarely for 90 days, and must be retained for compliance for 7 years?
#AWS
#S3
#FinOps
#Cost Optimization
Data Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you optimized a data pipeline that resulted in significant cost savings for the client.
#Cost Optimization
#Client Impact
#Performance Tuning
Data Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
hard
How do you ensure data quality and governance in a multi-tenant client environment?
#Data Governance
#Security
#Multi-tenancy
Data Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a time when client requirements were highly ambiguous. How did you ensure the data pipeline you built met their actual business needs?
#Client Communication
#Agile
#Requirement Gathering
Data Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a challenging production bug you encountered in a data pipeline. How did you troubleshoot and resolve it under strict SLA pressure?
#Troubleshooting
#Incident Management
#SLA
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a Python script using Pandas to merge two datasets on a common key, handle missing values by filling them with the column mean, and drop duplicate rows.
#Pandas
#Data Cleaning
#Data Manipulation
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a PySpark UDF (User Defined Function) to mask the first 12 digits of a 16-digit credit card number.
#UDF
#Data Security
#String Manipulation
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to find all employees who earn more than their direct managers.
#Self Join
#Filtering
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Given an array of integers, write a Python function to move all zeros to the end of the array while maintaining the relative order of the non-zero elements. Do this in-place.
#Arrays
#Two Pointers
#Python
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to calculate the cumulative sum of sales per month for each product category.
#Window Functions
#Aggregations
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to find the 3rd highest salary from an Employee table without using the LIMIT keyword.
#Window Functions
#DENSE_RANK
#Subqueries
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a PySpark code snippet to perform a Broadcast Hash Join between a massive 'transactions' table and a small 'currency_conversion' table.
#Broadcast Join
#Optimization
#DataFrame API
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python decorator that calculates and prints the execution time of a function.
#Decorators
#Performance Monitoring
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
hard
Write a SQL query to find the cancellation rate of unbanned users on a specific date. (Similar to LeetCode 'Trips and Users').
#Joins
#Aggregations
#Case Statements
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a PySpark script to read a CSV file, filter out records where 'status' is 'inactive', group by 'department', and write the output to a Parquet file.
#DataFrame API
#I/O Operations
#Transformations
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python function to read a 50GB JSON file and extract specific fields without running out of memory.
#Generators
#Memory Management
#File I/O
Data Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to identify duplicate records in a table based on 'email' and 'username', and keep only the record with the latest 'created_at' date.
#CTEs
#Window Functions
#Data Cleansing
Data Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a real-time streaming architecture to process website clickstream data, detect anomalies, and store the results for reporting.
#Kafka
#Spark Streaming
#Real-time Processing
#Architecture
Data Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design an ETL pipeline using Azure Data Factory (ADF) and Databricks to ingest daily incremental sales data from an on-premise SQL Server to Azure Data Lake.
#Azure Data Factory
#Databricks
#Incremental Load
#Cloud Architecture
Data Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a data model for a ride-sharing application (like Uber) to support analytical queries such as 'average revenue per driver per city'.
#Data Modeling
#Fact and Dimension Tables
#Analytics
Data Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a data migration strategy to move 100TB of historical data from an on-premise Hadoop cluster to AWS S3 / Databricks with minimal downtime.
#Data Migration
#AWS
#Hadoop
#Strategy
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between repartition() and coalesce() in PySpark, and when would you use each?
#PySpark
#Partitioning
#Shuffling
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What are Broadcast variables and Accumulators in Spark? Provide a use case for each.
#PySpark
#Shared Variables
#Optimization
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCD). How do you implement SCD Type 2 in a data warehouse?
#SCD
#Dimensional Modeling
#ETL
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How would you optimize a slow-running PySpark job that is suffering from data skewness during a join operation?
#PySpark
#Performance Tuning
#Data Skew
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), and DENSE_RANK() with a real-world data engineering example.
#Window Functions
#Ranking
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How does Spark handle fault tolerance? Explain the role of RDD lineage.
#Spark Architecture
#Fault Tolerance
#RDD
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the architecture of Snowflake. How does its separation of storage and compute benefit data engineering workloads?
#Snowflake
#Cloud Architecture
#Scaling
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle corrupt or malformed records when reading a JSON or CSV file in PySpark?
#Data Quality
#Error Handling
#PySpark
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is Delta Lake? Explain its ACID properties and how it implements time travel.
#Delta Lake
#Databricks
#ACID
#Data Lakehouse
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between a Star Schema and a Snowflake Schema. When would you choose one over the other?
#Data Modeling
#Schema Design
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What are the different types of triggers available in Azure Data Factory (ADF)?
#Azure Data Factory
#Orchestration
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle late-arriving data in a batch ETL pipeline?
#ETL
#Data Quality
#Batch Processing
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concept of 'Predicate Pushdown' in Spark and Parquet.
#Spark
#Parquet
#Optimization
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the difference between an Inner Join, Left Join, and Full Outer Join? How do NULL values affect these joins?
#Joins
#Relational Algebra
Data Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between Managed and External tables in Hive/Databricks.
#Hive
#Databricks
#Storage
Data Scientist
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to explain a complex machine learning model's predictions to a non-technical client stakeholder.
#Stakeholder Management
#Model Interpretability
#Soft Skills
Data Scientist
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Why do you want to work as a Data Scientist at Wipro specifically, compared to a product-based company?
#Motivation
#Company Knowledge
#Career Goals
Data Scientist
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Working at an IT services company like Wipro often means juggling multiple client deliverables. How do you prioritize your tasks?
#Prioritization
#Consulting
#Organization
Data Scientist
•
Behavioral
•
hard
Tell me about a time a machine learning model you deployed failed or performed poorly in production. What was the root cause and how did you fix it?
#Production Failures
#Debugging
#Accountability
Data Scientist
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where a client changed the project requirements halfway through the development cycle. How did you handle it?
#Agile
#Client Management
#Problem Solving
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
hard
Write a SQL query to identify the top 3 most frequently purchased pairs of products (Market Basket Analysis prep).
#Self Joins
#Aggregations
#Data Mining
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to calculate the 7-day rolling average of daily revenue for a retail client.
#Window Functions
#Time Series
#SQL
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
hard
Write a Python script using Pandas to find the top 5 customers who have the highest continuous streak of daily purchases.
#Python
#Pandas
#Gaps and Islands
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query using window functions to find the second highest salary in each department for a client's HR database.
#Window Functions
#Data Aggregation
#SQL
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
medium
Given a large dataset of customer transactions, write a Pandas script to calculate the month-over-month churn rate.
#Python
#Pandas
#Time Series Analysis
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a Python function from scratch to calculate the cosine similarity between two lists of numbers.
#Python
#Math
#Vector Operations
Data Scientist
•
Coding
•
hard
Write a PySpark script to join a 10GB customer table with a 500MB transaction table. How would you optimize this join?
#PySpark
#Distributed Computing
#Optimization
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
hard
Design an architecture for a real-time credit card fraud detection system. The client requires sub-50 millisecond latency.
#Real-time Processing
#Low Latency
#Fraud Detection
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
hard
Design an automated document extraction pipeline using OCR and LLMs for a banking client processing thousands of loan applications daily.
#OCR
#LLMs
#Pipeline Design
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a scalable product recommendation system for a large e-commerce client. Walk me through the data pipeline, model choice, and serving infrastructure.
#Recommendation Systems
#Scalability
#Architecture
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
medium
Walk me through the end-to-end lifecycle of deploying a machine learning model using AWS SageMaker or Azure Machine Learning.
#Cloud Platforms
#Deployment
#CI/CD
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a predictive maintenance system for a manufacturing client using streaming IoT sensor data.
#IoT
#Streaming Data
#Predictive Maintenance
Data Scientist
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design a system to monitor a deployed machine learning model for data drift and concept drift?
#Model Monitoring
#Data Drift
#MLOps
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle categorical variables with extremely high cardinality (e.g., zip codes) in a machine learning model?
#Feature Engineering
#Categorical Encoding
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
hard
Explain the architecture of a Transformer model. How does the Self-Attention mechanism work?
#NLP
#Transformers
#Attention Mechanism
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
hard
What is RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)? How would you design a RAG pipeline for a Wipro enterprise client to query their internal HR documents?
#LLMs
#RAG
#Vector Databases
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the Bias-Variance Tradeoff. How do you diagnose if a model deployed for a client is overfitting?
#Model Evaluation
#Overfitting
#Statistics
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
You are building a fraud detection model for a banking client where the fraud cases are less than 0.1% of the data. How do you handle this extreme class imbalance?
#Imbalanced Data
#SMOTE
#Evaluation Metrics
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
A client wants to forecast weekly sales for the next 6 months. Compare ARIMA and LSTM for this task. Which would you choose and why?
#Forecasting
#ARIMA
#LSTM
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
hard
How do you optimize a PySpark job that is failing due to OutOfMemory (OOM) errors on the executor nodes?
#PySpark
#Memory Management
#Debugging
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
What are the differences between BERT and GPT architectures? When would you use one over the other?
#NLP
#BERT
#GPT
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concept of Data Leakage in machine learning. Give an example of how it might occur in a client's churn prediction model.
#Data Leakage
#Model Validation
#Feature Engineering
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the difference between Bagging and Boosting. How does the XGBoost algorithm work under the hood?
#Ensemble Methods
#XGBoost
#Decision Trees
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you deal with the vanishing gradient problem in deep neural networks?
#Neural Networks
#Optimization
#Activation Functions
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concept of A/B testing. How do you calculate the required sample size before launching an A/B test for a new website feature?
#A/B Testing
#Hypothesis Testing
#Experimentation
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularization? In what client scenario would you prefer L1 over L2?
#Regularization
#Feature Selection
#Linear Models
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
hard
Explain the mathematical intuition behind Logistic Regression. Why do we use Log-Loss instead of Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the cost function?
#Logistic Regression
#Loss Functions
#Optimization
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
How does a Random Forest model calculate feature importance?
#Random Forest
#Feature Engineering
#Interpretability
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
medium
What are the core assumptions of Linear Regression? What happens to your model if the assumption of homoscedasticity is violated?
#Linear Regression
#Statistical Assumptions
#Econometrics
Data Scientist
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the working of the K-Means clustering algorithm. How do you determine the optimal number of clusters (K)?
#Unsupervised Learning
#Clustering
#K-Means
DevOps Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
hard
You are on-call and receive two P1 (Priority 1) alerts simultaneously: Client A's production website is down, and Client B's CI/CD pipeline is completely blocked, preventing an urgent hotfix. How do you prioritize and manage this situation?
#Prioritization
#On-call
#Client Management
DevOps Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Wipro frequently engages with non-technical stakeholders. Tell me about a time you had to explain a complex technical failure (like a DNS outage or database deadlock) to a non-technical client executive.
#Stakeholder Management
#Communication
DevOps Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
DevOps often sits between development and operations. Tell me about a time you faced pushback from a development team regarding a new security or compliance policy you were trying to enforce in the pipeline.
#Conflict Resolution
#DevSecOps
#Communication
DevOps Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
At Wipro, we often work with strict SLAs. Tell me about a time when a deployment went wrong and you were at risk of breaching a client SLA. How did you handle the technical rollback and the client communication?
#Incident Management
#Communication
#SLAs
DevOps Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python script that makes a GET request to a REST API, parses the JSON response to extract a list of user email addresses, and writes them to a CSV file.
#Python
#API
#JSON
#CSV
DevOps Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python script that connects to an AWS S3 bucket, identifies all log files older than 30 days, and deletes them to save on client storage costs.
#Python
#Boto3
#AWS S3
#Automation
DevOps Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Bash script that monitors CPU usage on a Linux server. If the usage exceeds 85% for 3 consecutive checks, it should send an alert to a Slack webhook.
#Bash
#Linux
#Monitoring
#Automation
DevOps Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a Linux shell command to find all files in the /var/log directory that are larger than 500MB and were modified more than 7 days ago.
#Linux
#Bash
#File Management
DevOps Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Bash script to automate the backup of a PostgreSQL database. The script should compress the backup, upload it to an AWS S3 bucket, and append the current date to the filename.
#Bash
#PostgreSQL
#AWS S3
#Backups
DevOps Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a highly available, fault-tolerant AWS VPC architecture for a financial services client. The architecture must include public and private subnets, NAT gateways, and strict security group rules to comply with PCI-DSS.
#AWS
#VPC
#Networking
#Security
DevOps Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a scalable, serverless web application architecture on AWS. The client expects highly variable traffic, from 100 users to 100,000 users in minutes. Include compute, database, and caching layers.
#AWS
#Serverless
#Scalability
DevOps Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a Disaster Recovery (DR) strategy for a mission-critical application hosted on AWS. The client requires a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 15 minutes and a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 5 minutes. Which DR pattern would you choose?
#Disaster Recovery
#AWS
#RTO/RPO
DevOps Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a Blue/Green deployment strategy for a containerized application running on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). How do you route traffic, and how do you handle database schema changes?
#Blue/Green Deployment
#AKS
#Database Migrations
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A client's production Kubernetes cluster is experiencing a 'CrashLoopBackOff' error on a critical payment processing pod. Walk me through your exact troubleshooting steps to identify and resolve the issue.
#Kubernetes
#Troubleshooting
#Pod Lifecycle
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
In a recent Wipro client project, we migrated a monolithic Java application to microservices. Walk me through how you would design a declarative Jenkins CI/CD pipeline using Groovy to build, test, and deploy these microservices to an AWS EKS cluster.
#Jenkins
#Groovy
#AWS EKS
#Microservices
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A junior developer accidentally force-pushed a commit that overwrote the main branch of a critical client repository. How do you recover the lost commits?
#Git
#Disaster Recovery
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer service types in Kubernetes. In a Wipro managed services environment, when would you use an Ingress controller instead of a LoadBalancer?
#Kubernetes Services
#Networking
#Ingress
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
We are migrating a client's on-premise data to AWS S3. How do you ensure that the S3 buckets are completely secure, encrypted at rest, and protected from accidental public exposure?
#AWS S3
#IAM
#Encryption
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
When managing multiple environments (Dev, QA, Prod) using Terraform, do you prefer using Terraform Workspaces or separate directories/branches? Explain the pros and cons of your approach.
#Terraform
#Environment Management
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
You run 'terraform plan' and notice a configuration drift because a client manually modified an AWS security group via the console. How do you resolve this drift and enforce IaC compliance?
#Terraform
#Configuration Drift
#AWS
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A client wants to migrate their CI/CD pipelines from Jenkins to Azure DevOps. What are the key differences, and how would you map Jenkins concepts (like plugins and nodes) to Azure DevOps?
#Azure DevOps
#Jenkins
#Migration
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
Using PromQL, how would you write a query to calculate the 99th percentile of API request latencies for a specific microservice over the last 5 minutes?
#Prometheus
#PromQL
#Observability
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you securely manage sensitive credentials like database passwords and API keys in a Kubernetes environment? Why are native Kubernetes Secrets not considered fully secure by default?
#Kubernetes
#Secrets Management
#HashiCorp Vault
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
To standardize CI/CD across multiple Wipro projects, we use Jenkins Shared Libraries. Explain how you would create a shared library to abstract a Docker build and push process.
#Jenkins
#Shared Libraries
#Groovy
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How would you write an Ansible playbook to perform a rolling update on a cluster of 50 Apache web servers without causing any downtime for the client's end-users?
#Ansible
#Rolling Updates
#Zero Downtime
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A client has complained that their CI pipeline is too slow. You notice their Docker images are over 1.5GB. What specific techniques would you use to optimize and reduce the size of these Docker images?
#Docker
#Optimization
#Multi-stage Builds
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
We manage infrastructure for multiple clients using Terraform. How do you handle Terraform state management and locking in a multi-developer team to prevent state corruption?
#Terraform
#State Management
#AWS S3
#DynamoDB
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the Jenkins Master-Slave (Controller-Agent) architecture. Why is it a bad practice to run builds directly on the Jenkins Master node?
#Jenkins
#Architecture
#Security
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
A Wipro client has multiple AWS accounts (Dev, QA, Prod). How do you configure AWS IAM so that a Jenkins server in the 'Tools' account can deploy resources into the 'Prod' account securely?
#AWS IAM
#Cross-Account Access
#Security
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the directory structure of an Ansible Role. If you need to pass environment-specific variables (Dev vs Prod) to a role, how do you achieve that?
#Ansible
#Roles
#Variable Management
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concept of Docker networking. If you have two standalone containers on the same host that need to communicate via hostnames, how do you configure them?
#Docker
#Networking
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
You receive an alert that a Linux server has 0% disk space available, but when you run 'du -sh', the files only add up to 20% of the disk capacity. What is the likely cause and how do you fix it?
#Linux
#Troubleshooting
#File Systems
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between 'git merge' and 'git rebase'. In a collaborative Wipro project with 10 developers, which strategy would you enforce for integrating feature branches into the main branch, and why?
#Git
#Branching Strategies
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
A client wants to deploy a MongoDB cluster on Kubernetes. Would you use a Deployment or a StatefulSet? Explain your reasoning and how storage is handled differently.
#Kubernetes
#StatefulSets
#Databases
DevOps Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
Database schema changes are often the hardest part of automated deployments. How do you integrate database migrations into a CI/CD pipeline safely?
#Database
#CI/CD
#Flyway
#Liquibase
Frontend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to collaborate with a difficult onshore counterpart or stakeholder across different time zones.
#Communication
#Global Teams
#Conflict Resolution
Frontend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Tell me about a time you had to learn a completely new technology or framework quickly to deliver a client project at Wipro.
#Adaptability
#Continuous Learning
#Delivery
Frontend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you found a significant bug in production. How did you troubleshoot it, fix it, and prevent it from happening again?
#Debugging
#Incident Management
#Process Improvement
Frontend Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to push back on a client's unrealistic deadline during a sprint.
#Client Communication
#Agile
#Conflict Resolution
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
hard
Implement a function 'promiseAllWithLimit(tasks, limit)' that takes an array of async tasks and executes them with a maximum concurrency of 'limit'.
#Promises
#Concurrency
#Asynchronous JS
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a JavaScript function to check if two deeply nested objects are equal.
#Recursion
#Object Manipulation
#Data Structures
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a function to flatten a deeply nested array of integers without using Array.prototype.flat().
#Recursion
#Data Structures
#Arrays
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Implement a debounce function in JavaScript. How would you modify it to execute immediately on the first call?
#Closures
#Performance Optimization
#DOM Events
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a polyfill for Array.prototype.reduce from scratch.
#JavaScript Core
#Polyfills
#Higher Order Functions
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Implement a simple Event Emitter (Pub/Sub) class in JavaScript with 'on', 'emit', and 'off' methods.
#Design Patterns
#Classes
#Event Handling
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a function 'groupBy(array, property)' that takes an array of objects and groups them by a specific property.
#Array Methods
#Data Manipulation
#Objects
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Create a responsive layout using CSS Grid for a dashboard with a sidebar, header, main content area, and footer. The sidebar should collapse on mobile.
#CSS Grid
#Responsive Design
#Media Queries
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Implement a custom React hook 'useFetch' that takes a URL and returns data, loading state, and error state, while handling component unmounting.
#Custom Hooks
#API Integration
#Lifecycle Management
Frontend Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a function to find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
#Sliding Window
#Strings
#Hash Map
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
How do you handle state management in a large-scale React application for an enterprise banking client?
#React
#Redux
#Context API
#State Management
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
A client wants to migrate a legacy AngularJS monolithic frontend to a modern stack. How would you architect a Micro-frontend solution for this?
#Micro-frontends
#Architecture
#Migration Strategy
#Webpack Module Federation
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design an image carousel/slider component. What edge cases and performance aspects would you consider?
#UI Components
#Accessibility
#Performance
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a scalable data grid component that needs to render and sort 100,000 rows of financial data without crashing the browser.
#Virtualization
#Performance
#UI Components
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design an autocomplete search bar component. How do you handle network latency, caching, and rapid user typing?
#UI Components
#Debouncing
#Caching
#API Design
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
How would you design the frontend architecture for a real-time collaborative document editor (like Google Docs)?
#Operational Transformation
#WebSockets
#Complex UI
Frontend Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a real-time notification system for a web application. Consider both the frontend architecture and how it communicates with the backend.
#WebSockets
#Server-Sent Events
#State Management
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between useMemo and useCallback in React. Provide a real-world scenario where using them actually hurts performance.
#React Hooks
#Performance Optimization
#Memoization
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the JavaScript Event Loop. What will be the output of a script containing synchronous logs, setTimeout, and Promise.then() calls?
#Event Loop
#Asynchronous JS
#Microtasks
#Macrotasks
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain CSS Specificity. How do you structure and scope CSS in a large enterprise project to avoid conflicts?
#CSS
#BEM
#CSS-in-JS
#CSS Modules
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
What are Web Workers? How would you implement one to parse a massive JSON payload from a Wipro backend service without freezing the UI?
#Web Workers
#Multithreading
#Performance
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Describe your approach to ensuring a web application meets WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility standards for a government client.
#Accessibility
#A11y
#Semantic HTML
#ARIA
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How do you measure and optimize Core Web Vitals (LCP, FID, CLS) for a client's e-commerce landing page?
#Core Web Vitals
#Optimization
#Lighthouse
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the difference between Observables and Promises in Angular. When would you choose one over the other?
#RxJS
#Angular
#Asynchronous Programming
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the Virtual DOM and how does React's reconciliation algorithm (Fiber) work under the hood?
#React Core
#Virtual DOM
#Reconciliation
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you identify and prevent memory leaks in a Single Page Application (SPA)?
#Memory Management
#Performance
#Debugging
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). How do you secure a frontend application against them?
#Web Security
#XSS
#CSRF
#CORS
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
How do TypeScript's 'Omit' and 'Pick' utility types work? Provide a practical example of when you would use them in a React component.
#TypeScript
#Utility Types
#Type Safety
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the concept of closures in JavaScript. Provide a practical use case where a closure is necessary.
#Closures
#Scope
#Lexical Environment
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle authentication and authorization (e.g., JWT, OAuth) in a React or Angular application? Where do you store the tokens?
#Authentication
#JWT
#Security
#Cookies
Frontend Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain Server-Side Rendering (SSR) vs Static Site Generation (SSG) in Next.js. Which would you choose for a client's public blog versus a private dashboard?
#Next.js
#SSR
#SSG
#Architecture
Full Stack Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had a disagreement with a senior developer or architect regarding a technical decision.
#Conflict Resolution
#Communication
Full Stack Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Why do you want to join Wipro, and how does this Full Stack role align with your career goals?
#Motivation
#Career Planning
Full Stack Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
How do you stay updated with the rapidly changing frontend and backend technology landscapes?
#Continuous Learning
#Adaptability
Full Stack Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you had to deliver a critical feature under a very tight deadline for a client.
#Time Management
#Prioritization
#Stress Management
Full Stack Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you proactively identified a performance bottleneck in your application and resolved it.
#Problem Solving
#Proactivity
#Performance Optimization
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Merge overlapping intervals in an array of intervals.
#Arrays
#Sorting
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to a specific target.
#Arrays
#Hash Map
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a program to check if a string is a valid palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring cases.
#Strings
#Two Pointers
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Java program to group anagrams from an array of strings.
#Strings
#Hash Map
#Sorting
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Find the missing number in a given integer array containing numbers from 1 to N.
#Arrays
#Math
#Bit Manipulation
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a program to reverse a singly linked list.
#Linked Lists
#Pointers
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a function to find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
#Strings
#Sliding Window
#Hash Map
Full Stack Engineer
•
Coding
•
hard
Implement an LRU (Least Recently Used) Cache.
#Design
#Hash Map
#Doubly Linked List
Full Stack Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a URL Shortening service like TinyURL.
#Scalability
#Database Design
#Hashing
Full Stack Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
How would you design the checkout and payment flow for a retail client's e-commerce platform to ensure high availability?
#Microservices
#Message Queues
#Idempotency
Full Stack Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Explain how you would implement API rate limiting for a public-facing gateway.
#API Gateway
#Security
#Algorithms
Full Stack Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a microservices-based architecture for a banking client's portal. How do you handle distributed transactions?
#Microservices
#Saga Pattern
#Event Sourcing
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Write a SQL query to find the second highest salary from an Employee table.
#Databases
#Queries
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concept of the Virtual DOM in React and how the reconciliation process works.
#React
#JavaScript
#Performance
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between useEffect and useLayoutEffect in React?
#React
#Hooks
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you manage global state in a large-scale React application?
#React
#State Management
#Redux
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain closures in JavaScript and provide a practical use case.
#JavaScript
#Core Concepts
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Describe the JavaScript Event Loop and how it handles asynchronous operations.
#JavaScript
#Asynchronous Programming
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain how Spring Boot auto-configuration works under the hood.
#Java
#Spring Boot
#Architecture
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the exact difference between @Controller and @RestController in Spring Boot?
#Java
#Spring Boot
#Annotations
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Describe the Spring Bean lifecycle from instantiation to destruction.
#Java
#Spring Framework
#IoC
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
In Angular, what is the difference between an Observable and a Promise?
#Angular
#RxJS
#Asynchronous Programming
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you implement global exception handling in a Spring Boot REST API?
#Java
#Spring Boot
#Error Handling
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the internal working of a HashMap in Java. How does it handle collisions?
#Java
#Data Structures
#Collections Framework
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the ACID properties in the context of database transactions.
#Databases
#Transactions
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Using Java 8 Streams, write a snippet to filter a list of banking transactions greater than $10,000 and collect them into a list.
#Java 8
#Streams API
#Functional Programming
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes in SQL?
#Databases
#Performance Tuning
#Indexing
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What challenges have you faced migrating a legacy monolithic application to microservices for an enterprise client?
#Microservices
#System Architecture
#Legacy Migration
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you secure a Spring Boot REST API using JWT?
#Spring Security
#JWT
#Authentication
Full Stack Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
When would you choose a NoSQL database like MongoDB over a relational database like PostgreSQL for a client project?
#NoSQL
#System Architecture
#MongoDB
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to explain a complex machine learning model's predictions to a non-technical business stakeholder or client.
#Stakeholder Management
#Explainable AI
#Consulting
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
How do you prioritize tasks when working on multiple client deliverables with conflicting and tight deadlines?
#Time Management
#Prioritization
#Consulting
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time your machine learning model performed well offline but failed or degraded in production. What was the root cause and how did you fix it?
#Troubleshooting
#Production ML
#Lessons Learned
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Describe a time you had to mentor a junior data scientist or engineer on your team. How did you approach their development?
#Mentorship
#Teamwork
#Communication
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where a client changed the requirements of an ML project halfway through the development cycle. How did you handle it?
#Agile
#Adaptability
#Client Management
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you ensure your machine learning models comply with data privacy regulations like GDPR or HIPAA?
#Data Privacy
#Ethics
#Consulting
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a PySpark script to aggregate daily transaction logs into monthly summaries per user, calculating total spend and average transaction value.
#PySpark
#Big Data
#Aggregations
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to find the top 3 most frequently purchased items per customer in the last 30 days.
#Window Functions
#Aggregations
#Data Manipulation
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to calculate the 7-day rolling average of daily sales for a specific product.
#Window Functions
#Time Series
#Data Analysis
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given a binary tree, write a Python function to find the maximum depth of the tree.
#Data Structures
#Trees
#Recursion
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python function from scratch to compute the TF-IDF scores for a given list of text documents.
#Python
#NLP
#Text Processing
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given an array of integers representing stock prices on consecutive days, write a function to return the maximum profit you can achieve from buying and selling a stock exactly once.
#Arrays
#Optimization
#Dynamic Programming
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a Python program to implement the K-Means clustering algorithm from scratch.
#Python
#Clustering
#Math
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given a pandas DataFrame containing missing values and outliers, write a script to clean the data and prepare it for a logistic regression model.
#Python
#Pandas
#Data Preprocessing
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design an end-to-end document extraction pipeline using OCR and Large Language Models (LLMs) for a healthcare client processing medical claims.
#NLP
#LLMs
#OCR
#Architecture
#Healthcare
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design an A/B testing framework to evaluate a new search ranking algorithm for a client's enterprise portal?
#A/B Testing
#Experimentation
#Search
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a scalable architecture for a customer churn prediction model that needs to ingest data and update predictions daily for millions of users.
#Batch Processing
#Architecture
#Data Pipelines
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
A retail client wants to forecast inventory demand for 10,000 stores. How do you design and scale this forecasting model?
#Forecasting
#Scalability
#Distributed Computing
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a predictive maintenance system for a manufacturing client using high-frequency IoT sensor data.
#IoT
#Time Series
#Streaming Data
#Predictive Maintenance
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Walk me through how you would set up an automated MLOps pipeline for model retraining using Azure Machine Learning or AWS SageMaker.
#Cloud Platforms
#CI/CD
#Model Retraining
Machine Learning Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
How would you design a real-time recommendation system for an e-commerce client, ensuring inference latency remains under 50ms?
#Recommendation Systems
#Low Latency
#Caching
#Vector Databases
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How does the XGBoost algorithm handle missing values internally during training?
#Tree Models
#XGBoost
#Missing Data
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle categorical variables with extremely high cardinality in a tree-based model versus a linear model?
#Feature Engineering
#Categorical Data
#Modeling
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
What is SMOTE, and what are its limitations when dealing with high-dimensional data or text data?
#Imbalanced Data
#SMOTE
#High Dimensionality
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain how Word2Vec works. What is the difference between the Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and Skip-gram architectures?
#Embeddings
#Word2Vec
#Neural Networks
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What are the trade-offs between using a proprietary pre-trained LLM via API (e.g., OpenAI) versus fine-tuning an open-source model (e.g., Llama 3) locally for a client?
#LLMs
#Strategy
#Cost/Benefit Analysis
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the ROC curve and AUC. In what specific scenario would you prefer using Precision-Recall AUC over ROC AUC?
#Evaluation Metrics
#Classification
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
How do you optimize the inference speed and reduce the memory footprint of a Large Language Model (LLM) for a production application?
#LLMs
#Optimization
#Quantization
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the fundamental difference between a discriminative model and a generative model?
#Statistics
#Generative AI
#Classification
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the concepts of Data Drift and Concept Drift. How do you monitor for them in a production environment?
#Model Monitoring
#Drift Detection
#Production ML
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you handle highly imbalanced datasets when building a fraud detection model for a banking client?
#Imbalanced Data
#Classification
#Fraud Detection
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is the vanishing gradient problem in deep neural networks, and how do architectures like LSTMs or ResNets address it?
#Neural Networks
#Optimization
#Architecture
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
Explain the architecture of a Transformer model. What specific role does the self-attention mechanism play?
#NLP
#Transformers
#Attention Mechanism
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you evaluate the performance of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system deployed for a client's internal knowledge base?
#RAG
#LLMs
#Evaluation Metrics
Machine Learning Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What are the differences between L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularization? When would you choose to use one over the other?
#Regularization
#Linear Models
#Feature Selection
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you manage expectations when a critical release for a flagship client is delayed due to unforeseen technical blockers?
#Communication
#Risk Management
#Client Relations
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
hard
A major enterprise client reports a critical security vulnerability (e.g., data leak) in your product. What is your immediate action plan?
#Crisis Management
#Security
#Communication
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
hard
How do you handle scope creep during a fixed-bid enterprise software project?
#Scope Management
#Contract Negotiation
#Agile
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you prioritize technical debt versus new feature development when a client is demanding rapid innovation?
#Prioritization
#Technical Debt
#Roadmapping
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
easy
How do you ensure product adoption for an internal enterprise tool when employees are resistant to changing their legacy workflows?
#Change Management
#Adoption
#User Empathy
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to pivot your product roadmap drastically due to changing market conditions or a new competitor.
#Adaptability
#Roadmapping
#Market Analysis
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
hard
Describe a time a product launch or client deployment failed. What did you learn and how did you handle the fallout?
#Resilience
#Post-mortem
#Accountability
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you had a conflict with an engineering lead regarding the choice of tech stack for a new product.
#Conflict Resolution
#Technical Acumen
#Influence
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you align offshore engineering teams in India with onshore business stakeholders in the US or UK?
#Cross-functional Teams
#Global Delivery
#Agile
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you used data to influence a senior stakeholder's decision to kill a pet project.
#Data-driven Decisions
#Influence
#Communication
Product Manager
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to push back on a major enterprise client's feature request during a digital transformation project.
#Client Relations
#Prioritization
#Communication
Product Manager
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a SQL query to find the top 5 Wipro clients by revenue generated in the last quarter.
#Data Extraction
#Aggregation
Product Manager
•
Coding
•
medium
Write a SQL query to calculate the month-over-month churn rate of a subscription-based enterprise product.
#Data Analysis
#Churn
#Window Functions
Product Manager
•
Coding
•
easy
Write a SQL query to identify users who haven't logged into the enterprise portal in the last 30 days.
#Data Extraction
#User Engagement
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design an AI-powered IT helpdesk system for a Fortune 500 client to reduce L1 support tickets.
#AI/ML
#Enterprise Software
#Automation
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design an automated onboarding system for new Wipro hires at a global scale?
#Internal Tools
#Automation
#HR Tech
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a billing and invoicing system for Wipro's consulting services that handles multiple currencies and variable billing models (T&M, Fixed Price).
#FinTech
#Enterprise Architecture
#Billing
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design a cloud cost optimization dashboard for enterprise customers migrating to AWS/Azure?
#Cloud Infrastructure
#Data Visualization
#B2B SaaS
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a telemetry and monitoring dashboard for a multi-cloud environment (AWS, Azure, GCP) used by Wipro's managed services team.
#Cloud
#Monitoring
#Dashboard Design
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you improve Wipro's internal employee portal (myWipro) to increase employee engagement?
#Internal Tools
#UX/UI
#Employee Experience
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a scalable API gateway for a retail client transitioning from a monolithic architecture to microservices.
#Microservices
#API Gateway
#Scalability
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a predictive maintenance product for Wipro's manufacturing clients using IoT sensors.
#IoT
#Predictive Analytics
#Manufacturing
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a chatbot to assist Wipro sales teams in fetching relevant case studies and past project data during client pitches.
#NLP
#Search
#Internal Tools
Product Manager
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a secure document sharing platform for healthcare clients that must be strictly HIPAA compliant.
#Healthcare
#Security
#Compliance
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between REST and GraphQL. When would you choose each for a client-facing API?
#API Design
#Web Services
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
What metrics would you use to evaluate the performance and health of a public-facing API?
#API
#Performance
#Monitoring
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you measure the ROI of implementing an AI automation tool in a client's manual data entry workflow?
#ROI
#Automation
#Business Value
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
hard
How do you conduct A/B testing for a B2B enterprise product where the user base is too small for statistical significance?
#A/B Testing
#B2B
#User Research
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain microservices architecture to a non-technical client stakeholder who is worried about the cost of migration.
#Communication
#Architecture
#Client Management
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you ensure data privacy and GDPR compliance when building a global HR analytics product?
#Compliance
#Data Privacy
#Security
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
Your product's engagement metrics have dropped by 15% in the last week. How do you investigate the root cause?
#Root Cause Analysis
#Data Analytics
#Troubleshooting
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
hard
Wipro wants to launch a new Generative AI consulting service. How do you define the Minimum Viable Product (MVP)?
#GenAI
#MVP
#Go-to-Market
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
How do you evaluate whether to build a feature in-house or integrate a third-party API/SaaS solution?
#Build vs Buy
#Resource Allocation
#ROI
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
hard
Walk me through the technical lifecycle of migrating a legacy on-premise application to a cloud-native architecture.
#Cloud Migration
#Architecture
#DevOps
Product Manager
•
Technical
•
medium
What KPIs would you track to measure the success of a newly launched B2B SaaS platform for supply chain management?
#KPIs
#B2B
#Product Analytics
Software Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to learn a new technology stack quickly to deliver a project for a client.
#Learning
#Project Delivery
Software Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Tell me about a time you had to manage a sudden change in client requirements right before a delivery deadline.
#Adaptability
#Communication
#Agile
Software Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
easy
Why do you want to join Wipro, and how do you align with our core values (Spirit of Wipro)?
#Company Knowledge
#Motivation
Software Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
Describe a situation where you disagreed with a senior team member or architect on a technical approach. How was it resolved?
#Conflict Resolution
#Communication
Software Engineer
•
Behavioral
•
medium
How do you prioritize your tasks when you have multiple tight deadlines from different project managers?
#Prioritization
#Communication
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Find the missing number in an array containing n distinct numbers taken from 0, 1, 2, ..., n.
#Arrays
#Math
#Bit Manipulation
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Find the first non-repeating character in a string and return its index. If it does not exist, return -1.
#Strings
#Hash Table
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of a Binary Search Tree.
#Trees
#BST
#Recursion
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Given a binary tree, write a function to perform a level order traversal (Breadth-First Search).
#Trees
#BFS
#Queue
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
medium
Find the longest substring without repeating characters in a given string.
#Strings
#Sliding Window
#Hash Set
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
hard
Merge two sorted arrays into a single sorted array without using extra space (O(1) space complexity).
#Arrays
#Two Pointers
#Sorting
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Check if two strings are valid anagrams of each other.
#Strings
#Hash Table
#Sorting
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Detect if a linked list has a cycle in it.
#Linked List
#Two Pointers
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
Given an array of integers nums and an integer target, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to target.
#Arrays
#Hash Table
Software Engineer
•
Coding
•
easy
You are climbing a staircase. It takes n steps to reach the top. Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?
#Dynamic Programming
#Math
Software Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
What is Load Balancing? Explain Round Robin and Least Connections algorithms.
#Networking
#Scalability
#Infrastructure
Software Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a URL Shortening service like TinyURL. How would you ensure high availability?
#Scalability
#Database Design
#Hashing
Software Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
How would you design a Rate Limiter for a public-facing API?
#API Gateway
#Algorithms
#Redis
Software Engineer
•
System Design
•
hard
Design a scalable E-commerce checkout system. How do you handle inventory reservation?
#Concurrency
#Microservices
#Database Locks
Software Engineer
•
System Design
•
medium
Design a real-time notification system that sends SMS, Email, and Push notifications.
#Message Queues
#Microservices
#Asynchronous Processing
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
hard
Explain the Saga design pattern. How do you manage distributed transactions in microservices?
#Architecture
#Distributed Systems
#Transactions
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What are the key differences between an Abstract Class and an Interface in Java 8 and above?
#OOP
#Java
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between PUT and PATCH HTTP methods.
#REST
#HTTP
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController in Spring?
#Spring MVC
#REST APIs
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What are Java Streams? Write a snippet to filter a list of employees whose salary is greater than 50,000 and collect their names.
#Java 8
#Streams API
#Lambdas
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
How does Spring Boot auto-configuration work behind the scenes?
#Spring Boot
#Java
#Annotations
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Write a SQL query to find the second highest salary of an employee from the 'Employees' table.
#Database
#Queries
#Aggregations
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the internal working of a HashMap in Java 8. What happens when a collision occurs?
#Data Structures
#Java Collections
#Hashing
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain the N+1 select problem in Hibernate/JPA. How do you resolve it?
#ORM
#Hibernate
#Performance
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control (IoC) in Spring?
#Spring
#Design Patterns
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
What is Service Discovery in Microservices? Name a tool you have used for it.
#Architecture
#Eureka
#Consul
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Write a SQL query to find all duplicate email addresses in a 'Users' table.
#Database
#GROUP BY
#HAVING
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
Explain the difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions in Java. When would you use a custom unchecked exception?
#Exception Handling
#Java
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
medium
Explain your typical CI/CD pipeline setup. What tools do you use and what are the stages?
#Jenkins
#Git
#Deployment
Software Engineer
•
Technical
•
easy
What are the differences between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, and RIGHT JOIN? Provide a scenario for each.
#Database
#SQL Joins
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